Botanical Overview
Peumus boldus, commonly known as Boldo, belongs to the family Monimiaceae. This evergreen shrub or small tree is native to South America, particularly Chile, Peru, and Argentina. The medicinal part used primarily is the leaf, which is harvested and dried for various preparations.
Energetics
Boldo is traditionally considered warming and drying in nature, with an acrid, bitter, and aromatic taste profile. It has a descending quality and is generally relaxing in tonicity, affecting the qi aspect of the body’s energy.
Primary Actions
- Choleretic (stimulates bile production)
- Cholagogue (promotes bile flow)
- Digestive stimulant
- Hepatoprotective
- Mild laxative
- Antioxidant
- Antimicrobial
Indications
Western
- Dyspepsia
- Biliary colic
- Mild hepatic insufficiency
- Constipation
- Flatulence
- Indigestion
Syndromes
- Liver stagnation
- Gallbladder dysfunction
- Cholestasis
- Mild hepatobiliary complaints
TCM
No well-established traditional Chinese medicinal uses documented.
Ayurveda
No classical Ayurvedic uses established.
Unani
No classical Unani indications.
Constituents & Mechanisms
The leaf contains alkaloids such as boldine, flavonoids, essential oils including ascaridole and p-cymene, and tannins. These phytochemicals contribute to its choleretic, antioxidant, and antimicrobial effects.
Dosage & Preparations
- Infusion (tea): 1-2 grams of dried leaf per 150 mL water, taken 1-3 times daily
- Tincture (1:5 in 40% ethanol): 2-5 mL, 1-3 times daily
- Standardized extracts to boldine alkaloids available, dosages vary
Safety & Contraindications
Boldo is generally well tolerated; however, it should be avoided during pregnancy and lactation due to insufficient safety data. It is contraindicated in biliary obstruction and gallstones, given its bile-stimulating effect. Photosensitivity reactions have been reported rarely. High doses may cause gastrointestinal irritation.
Astrological Correspondences
No reliable or well-cited planetary or elemental rulers were identified in consulted credible herbal/esoteric texts.
Selected References
- Assessment report on Peumus boldus Molina, folium – European Medicines Agency (2014)
- Herbal Medicines: A Guide for Health-Care Professionals – Newall et al. (1996)
- Peumus boldus – Plants For A Future
- Phytochemical and Pharmacological progress on Boldo – Campos et al. (2018)