Tastes: pungent

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  • Angelica archangelica

    Botanical Overview Angelica archangelica, commonly known as Angelica, Garden angelica, or Wild celery, is a tall biennial plant of the Apiaceae family. Native to northern and central Europe including Scandinavia and parts of northern Asia, it is prized for its aromatic root, seeds, leaves, and stems utilized in herbal medicine. Energetics The herb is considered…


  • Thuja occidentalis

    Botanical Overview Thuja occidentalis, commonly known as Arborvitae or Northern white cedar, belongs to the family Cupressaceae. It is native to North America, especially Eastern Canada and the Northeastern United States. The parts used medicinally include the leaves, twigs, and essential oil extracted from the foliage. Energetics The plant has a cooling temperature with drying…


  • Acorus calamus

    Botanical Overview Acorus calamus, commonly known as Sweet Flag or Calamus, belongs to the family Acoraceae. The medicinal part used is the rhizome. It is native to Europe, Asia, and North America. Energetics The plant is considered warming and drying with bitter, pungent, and sweet tastes. It has an ascending directionality and tonifying properties, primarily…


  • Ricinus communis

    Botanical Overview Ricinus communis, commonly known as Castor bean, Castor oil plant, or Palma Christi, belongs to the family Euphorbiaceae. It is native to Africa and South Asia but now widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. The primary parts used medicinally are the seeds, oil extracted therefrom, and leaves. Energetics This plant is…


  • Piper aduncum

    Botanical Overview Piper aduncum is a member of the Piperaceae family, commonly known as Spiked pepper, Higuillo, or Matico. It is native to Central and South America. The plant’s leaves, stems, and roots are traditionally used medicinally. Energetics This herb is considered warming and drying in nature, possessing acrid, bitter, and pungent tastes. It has…


  • Citrus aurantium

    Botanical Overview Citrus aurantium, commonly known as Bitter orange, Seville orange, or Sour orange, belongs to the Rutaceae family. The plant is native to the Mediterranean region, Southeast Asia, and North Africa. Various parts are utilized medicinally, including the fruit peel, flowers, leaves, and essential oil. Energetics This herb is considered warming and drying in…


  • Aframomum melegueta

    Botanical Overview Aframomum melegueta belongs to the Zingiberaceae family and is commonly known as Grains of Paradise, Melegueta pepper, Guinea pepper, and Alligator pepper. It is native to West Africa, where its seeds are harvested and used medicinally and as a spice. Energetics This plant is considered warming and drying with a pungent and bitter…


  • Areca catechu

    Botanical Overview Areca catechu, commonly known as Areca palm, Areca nut, or Betel nut, belongs to the family Arecaceae. The primary parts used medicinally are the seed and fruit. This palm species is native to South and Southeast Asia and widespread throughout the Pacific Islands. Energetics Areca nut is traditionally considered warming and drying with…


  • Allium cepa

    Botanical Overview Allium cepa, commonly known as onion or common onion, is a member of the Amaryllidaceae family cultivated worldwide. The bulb is the primary part used medicinally, with occasional use of the leaf. It is a staple culinary and medicinal plant. Energetics Onion has a warming temperature and drying moisture quality. Its tastes are…


  • Peperomia pellucida

    Botanical Overview Peperomia pellucida is a small, succulent herbaceous plant of the Piperaceae family, commonly known as Clearweed, Shiny bush, or Pepper elder. It grows widely in tropical regions of America, Southeast Asia, and West Africa. The whole plant, especially the leaves, is traditionally used for medicinal purposes. Energetics This herb is considered cooling and…