Tastes: bitter

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  • Echinacea angustifolia

    Botanical Overview Echinacea angustifolia belongs to the Asteraceae family and is commonly known as Narrowleaf purple coneflower or Black Sampson. It is native to the central United States and North America. The root and aerial parts of the plant are primarily used in herbal medicine preparations. Energetics This herb has a neutral temperature and moisture…


  • Echinacea purpurea

    Botanical Overview Echinacea purpurea, commonly known as Purple Coneflower or simply Echinacea, belongs to the family Asteraceae. It is native to North America and the parts used medicinally include the root, flower, and other aerial parts. It is widely used as an immunostimulant herb. Energetics The energetics of Echinacea purpurea are considered neutral in temperature…


  • Piper methysticum

    Botanical Overview Piper methysticum (family Piperaceae), commonly known as Kava or Kava-kava, is a root and rhizome used traditionally across the Pacific Islands including Polynesia, Melanesia, and Micronesia. The plant is well known for its calming and nervine properties. Traditional use involves preparing an infusion from the root to promote relaxation and social ritual. Energetics…


  • Melissa officinalis

    Botanical Overview Melissa officinalis, commonly known as Lemon balm or Melissa, belongs to the Lamiaceae family. It is native to Europe, the Mediterranean, West Asia, and has naturalized in North America. The herbal preparations primarily use the leaves and aerial parts. Energetics Melissa officinalis is considered to have a cooling temperature and moistening quality. It…


  • Valeriana officinalis

    Botanical Overview Valeriana officinalis (family Caprifoliaceae) is commonly known as Valerian, Garden valerian, or Garden heliotrope. The medicinal part used predominantly is the root. Native to Europe and Asia, it is also widely naturalized in North America. Energetics Valerian root is considered neutral in temperature and moistening in moisture. It has bitter and pungent tastes…


  • Passiflora incarnata

    Botanical Overview Passiflora incarnata, commonly known as Passionflower, Maypop, or Passion flower, belongs to the family Passifloraceae. It is native to Eastern North America, especially the Southeastern United States. The parts used medicinally include the aerial parts, leaves, flowers, and the herb. Energetics This herb is considered cooling in temperature and neutral in moisture. Its…


  • Scutellaria baicalensis

    Botanical Overview Scutellaria baicalensis, commonly known as Baikal skullcap, Chinese skullcap, or Huang Qin, is a member of the Lamiaceae family. Its primary medicinal part used is the root. Native to East Asia, including China, Korea, and Russia, it has a rich history in traditional Chinese medicine. Energetics Scutellaria baicalensis is characterized by a cooling…


  • Scutellaria lateriflora

    Botanical Overview Scutellaria lateriflora (family Lamiaceae), commonly known as blue skullcap, mad dog skullcap, or side-flowering skullcap, is a North American native herbaceous perennial. The aerial parts including leaves and flowers are used medicinally. Energetics It is traditionally considered cooling and moistening in nature, with a bitter taste. Its action descends and it has a…


  • Bacopa monnieri

    Botanical Overview Bacopa monnieri (family Plantaginaceae), commonly known as Brahmi, water hyssop, or herb of grace, is a creeping perennial aquatic plant valued for its nootropic and neuroprotective properties. The whole plant, including leaves and stems, is traditionally used in herbal medicine across India, Sri Lanka, Southeast Asia, Australia, and North America. Energetics Bacopa is…


  • Centella asiatica

    Botanical Overview Centella asiatica (family Apiaceae) is a creeping perennial herb widely known as gotu kola or Indian pennywort. The medicinal parts commonly used are the leaves and roots. Native to Asia but also found in Africa and Australia, this plant has a long history of traditional use. Energetics Centella asiatica is considered cooling and…