Constituents: phenolic compounds

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  • Ricinus communis

    Botanical Overview Ricinus communis, commonly known as Castor bean, Castor oil plant, or Palma Christi, belongs to the family Euphorbiaceae. It is native to Africa and South Asia but now widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. The primary parts used medicinally are the seeds, oil extracted therefrom, and leaves. Energetics This plant is…


  • Piper aduncum

    Botanical Overview Piper aduncum is a member of the Piperaceae family, commonly known as Spiked pepper, Higuillo, or Matico. It is native to Central and South America. The plant’s leaves, stems, and roots are traditionally used medicinally. Energetics This herb is considered warming and drying in nature, possessing acrid, bitter, and pungent tastes. It has…


  • Aframomum melegueta

    Botanical Overview Aframomum melegueta belongs to the Zingiberaceae family and is commonly known as Grains of Paradise, Melegueta pepper, Guinea pepper, and Alligator pepper. It is native to West Africa, where its seeds are harvested and used medicinally and as a spice. Energetics This plant is considered warming and drying with a pungent and bitter…


  • Solenostemma argel

    Botanical Overview Solenostemma argel belongs to the Apocynaceae family and is native to North and Northeast Africa, notably Sudan and Egypt. Commonly known as Argel, the plant’s leaves and whole aerial parts are traditionally used medicinally. Common names include Argel and Argel leaf. Energetics The plant is considered cooling in temperature and drying in moisture…


  • Pistacia lentiscus

    Botanical Overview Pistacia lentiscus, commonly known as Mastic, Mastic tree, or Lentisk, is a member of the Anacardiaceae family. Native to Mediterranean regions, North Africa, and the Middle East, this evergreen shrub or small tree yields a fragrant resin traditionally harvested for medicinal and culinary use. The primary parts utilized are the resin, leaves, and…


  • Harpagophytum procumbens

    Botanical Overview Harpagophytum procumbens, commonly known as Devil’s Claw or Grapple Plant, belongs to the family Pedaliaceae and is native to Southern Africa including regions such as Namibia, Botswana, and South Africa. The medicinally used part is the root, especially the secondary tuberous roots. Energetics The root is considered cooling and drying in nature, with…


  • Symphytum officinale

    Botanical Overview Symphytum officinale, commonly known as Comfrey, Common comfrey, Knitbone, and Slippery root, is a member of the Boraginaceae family. Its primary medicinal parts are the root and the leaf. It is native to Europe and Northwestern Asia and has been introduced to North America. Energetics Comfrey is traditionally considered to have a cooling…


  • Usnea spp.

    Botanical Overview Usnea spp., commonly known as Old man’s beard or lichen moss, is a genus of fruticose lichens belonging to the family Parmeliaceae. It is widely distributed in temperate regions worldwide. The medicinally used part is the thallus, which is the main vegetative body of the lichen. Energetics Usnea is considered cooling and drying…


  • Scutellaria baicalensis

    Botanical Overview Scutellaria baicalensis, commonly known as Baikal skullcap, Chinese skullcap, or Huang Qin, is a member of the Lamiaceae family. Its primary medicinal part used is the root. Native to East Asia, including China, Korea, and Russia, it has a rich history in traditional Chinese medicine. Energetics Scutellaria baicalensis is characterized by a cooling…


  • Bacopa monnieri

    Botanical Overview Bacopa monnieri (family Plantaginaceae), commonly known as Brahmi, water hyssop, or herb of grace, is a creeping perennial aquatic plant valued for its nootropic and neuroprotective properties. The whole plant, including leaves and stems, is traditionally used in herbal medicine across India, Sri Lanka, Southeast Asia, Australia, and North America. Energetics Bacopa is…