Botanical Overview
Plantago major L., commonly known as Broadleaf plantain, Greater plantain, or Common plantain, belongs to the Plantaginaceae family. It is native to temperate regions worldwide, including Europe, North America, and Asia. The herbaceous perennial grows low to the ground and is known for its broad, ovate leaves and inconspicuous flowers. The primary parts used medicinally are the leaves and seeds.
Energetics
Plantago major is cooling and moistening in energetic quality. It has a mucilaginous, bitter, and slightly sweet taste, and is generally relaxing and tonifying to body fluids (qi/blood/fluid). Its actions mainly influence the body’s fluids, helping to soothe irritation and inflammation.
Primary Actions
- Anti-inflammatory
- Demulcent
- Astringent
- Expectorant
- Wound healing
Indications
Western
- Cough
- Bronchitis
- Inflammation
- Wound irritation
- Minor burns
- Diarrhea
Syndromes
- Respiratory tract inflammation
- Skin lesions
- Gastrointestinal irritation
TCM
- Sore throat
- Cough
- Skin infections
Syndromes
- Lung heat
- Wind-heat invasion
Ayurveda
- Burns
- Wounds
- Cough
Syndromes
Unani
- Respiratory ailments
- Skin diseases
Syndromes
Constituents & Mechanisms
The main phytochemical constituents of Plantago major include iridoid glycosides, mucilage, flavonoids, phenolic acids, alkaloids, and tannins. These compounds contribute to its anti-inflammatory, demulcent, astringent, and wound healing properties.
Dosage & Preparations
- Infusion of leaves: 2-4 g, 1-3 times daily
- Poultice of fresh leaves for topical use
- Extracts standardized to mucilage content
Safety & Contraindications
Plantago major is generally safe when used appropriately. Avoid use if allergic to plants in the Plantaginaceae family. There are no well-documented risks during pregnancy, but caution is advised due to limited data. No significant drug interactions have been reported.
Astrological Correspondences
No clearly established planetary or elemental rulers were identified in reputable sources for this species.
Selected References
- Plantago major L. – Plants For A Future
- WHO monographs on selected medicinal plants. Volume 1. Plantago major L. – World Health Organization, 1999
- Assessment report on Plantago major L. – European Medicines Agency, 2013
- Chinese Herbal Medicine Materia Medica – Bensky, Clavey & Stoger, 2004