Tastes: bitter

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  • Morinda citrifolia

    Botanical Overview Morinda citrifolia, commonly known as Noni, Indian mulberry, or Cheese fruit, belongs to the Rubiaceae family. This tropical plant is native to Southeast Asia, the Pacific Islands, the Caribbean, Australia, and India. The fruit, leaf, root, and bark of Morinda citrifolia are used medicinally. Energetics Morinda citrifolia is generally considered cooling and moistening…


  • Fucus vesiculosus

    Botanical Overview Fucus vesiculosus, commonly known as Bladderwrack, Black Tang, Rockweed, or Sea Oak, belongs to the family Fucaceae. This marine brown alga grows in the cold waters of the Northern Atlantic coasts of Europe and North America. The medicinal part used is the thallus (the algal body), harvested from clean coastal areas. Energetics Fucus…


  • Annona muricata

    Botanical Overview Annona muricata, known commonly as soursop, graviola, guanabana, and Brazilian pawpaw, is a tropical plant in the Annonaceae family. Its parts used medicinally include the leaf, fruit, seed, stem, and root. It is native to the Caribbean, Central and South America, and cultivated in West Africa and Southeast Asia. Energetics This plant is…


  • Prunus serotina (Cortex)

    Botanical Overview Prunus serotina, commonly known as Black Cherry Bark, Wild Cherry Bark, or Virginia Cherry Bark, belongs to the Rosaceae family. The medicinally used part is the bark, harvested primarily from trees native to Eastern North America and Central America. Energetics This herb exhibits a neutral temperature and moistening moisture quality, with bitter and…


  • Theobroma cacao

    Botanical Overview Theobroma cacao (Malvaceae) is a tropical tree native to Central and South America, widely cultivated for its seeds known as cacao beans or cocoa beans. The primary parts used medicinally are the seeds (semen) and their husks. Commonly referred to as cacao seed or cocoa bean, it is prized for its stimulant and…


  • Croton lechleri

    Botanical Overview Croton lechleri is a member of the Euphorbiaceae family, commonly known as Dragon’s blood, Sangre de drago, or Sangre de grado. This tropical tree is native to the Amazon Basin in South America, especially Peru and Ecuador. The medicinal part primarily used is the red latex sap extracted from the bark. Energetics The…


  • Saussurea costus

    Botanical Overview Saussurea costus, commonly known as Costus root, Kuth, or Kuth root, belongs to the Asteraceae family. The medicinally used part is primarily the root. Native to the Himalayan region including India, China, and Pakistan, this plant has a long history in traditional medicine systems. Energetics Saussurea costus is considered warming and drying, with…


  • Carica papaya

    Botanical Overview Carica papaya (family Caricaceae) is a tropical plant cultivated widely in Central and South America and Southeast Asia. The leaf—commonly known as papaya leaf—is the part used medicinally. The leaf is valued for its role in traditional and modern herbal medicine, especially for supporting platelet production and acting as an anti-inflammatory agent. Energetics…


  • Gaultheria procumbens

    Botanical Overview Gaultheria procumbens, commonly known as Eastern teaberry, Checkerberry, Wintergreen, American wintergreen, and Boxberry, belongs to the Ericaceae family. Native to Eastern North America, including the Northeastern United States and Southeastern Canada, the plant’s leaf, berry, and stem are traditionally utilized for medicinal purposes. Energetics Wintergreen herb has a cooling temperature quality with a…


  • Capsicum annuum (fructus)

    Botanical Overview Capsicum annuum (fructus) belongs to the Solanaceae family and includes widely cultivated types such as bell peppers, chili peppers, and paprika. The medicinally used part is the fruit, which varies from sweet to pungent varieties. It is native to Central and South America but is now grown worldwide for culinary and medicinal purposes.…