Regions: Europe

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  • Coptis; Berberis; Mahonia spp.

    Botanical Overview Coptis; Berberis; Mahonia spp. are members of the Berberidaceae family, commonly known as goldthread, barberry, Oregon grape, and mahonia. These plants are native to regions including North America, East Asia, and Europe. The medicinal parts primarily used are the roots and root bark. Energetics The energetics of these species are characterized by a…


  • Sambucus nigra (fructus)

    Botanical Overview Sambucus nigra (fructus) belongs to the family Adoxaceae. The medicinally used parts are the ripe fruits or berries commonly known as Elderberry or Black elder. Native to Europe, North Africa, and Western Asia, the dark purple-black berries have a long history of use in traditional and Western herbal medicine. Common names include Elderberry,…


  • Isatis tinctoria / Isatis indigotica

    Botanical Overview Isatis tinctoria and Isatis indigotica (Brassicaceae) are closely related species commonly known as Woad or Chinese woad. Traditionally, their roots (radix) and leaves (folia) are used medicinally. The plant is native to Europe and Asia, notably China, and has historical use as a source of blue dye and medicinal herb. Energetics These herbs…


  • Melissa officinalis

    Botanical Overview Melissa officinalis, commonly known as Lemon balm or Melissa, belongs to the Lamiaceae family. It is native to Europe, the Mediterranean, West Asia, and has naturalized in North America. The herbal preparations primarily use the leaves and aerial parts. Energetics Melissa officinalis is considered to have a cooling temperature and moistening quality. It…


  • Valeriana officinalis

    Botanical Overview Valeriana officinalis (family Caprifoliaceae) is commonly known as Valerian, Garden valerian, or Garden heliotrope. The medicinal part used predominantly is the root. Native to Europe and Asia, it is also widely naturalized in North America. Energetics Valerian root is considered neutral in temperature and moistening in moisture. It has bitter and pungent tastes…


  • Urtica dioica (semen)

    Botanical Overview Urtica dioica (semen), commonly referred to as nettle seed, belongs to the family Urticaceae. The seed is the primary part used medicinally. It is native across Europe, Asia, and North America where it grows commonly in temperate zones. Energetics Urtica dioica seed is considered to have a cooling temperature and moistening quality. Its…


  • Leonurus cardiaca

    Botanical Overview Leonurus cardiaca, commonly called Motherwort, Lion’s Tail, or Lion’s Ear, is a member of the Lamiaceae family. It is native to Europe and Western Asia and has been introduced to North America. The most commonly used parts are the aerial parts including the leaves and flowers. Energetics Motherwort is considered cooling in temperature…


  • Crataegus monogyna

    Botanical Overview Crataegus monogyna, commonly known as Common hawthorn or Single-seeded hawthorn, is a member of the Rosaceae family. It is native to Europe, North Africa, and Western Asia. The medicinal parts include the flowers, leaves, and fruit, traditionally harvested for cardiovascular and mild sedative uses. Energetics This herb is considered neutral in temperature with…


  • Hedera helix

    Botanical Overview Hedera helix, commonly known as English Ivy or Common Ivy, is a member of the Araliaceae family. Native to Europe, Western Asia, and North Africa, this plant’s leaves and roots are traditionally used medicinally. Its broad green leaves are a distinctive feature, widely recognized around the world. Energetics Temperature: Neutral Moisture: Moistening Tastes:…


  • Hyssopus officinalis

    Botanical Overview Hyssopus officinalis, commonly known as Hyssop, is a perennial herb in the Lamiaceae family. Native to the Mediterranean region and parts of Central Asia and Europe, it is traditionally harvested for its leaves, flowers, and aerial parts. Known also as Hyssop sage or Garden hyssop, it has been used in herbal medicine for…