Constituents: flavonoids

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  • Sambucus nigra (fructus)

    Botanical Overview Sambucus nigra (fructus) belongs to the family Adoxaceae. The medicinally used parts are the ripe fruits or berries commonly known as Elderberry or Black elder. Native to Europe, North Africa, and Western Asia, the dark purple-black berries have a long history of use in traditional and Western herbal medicine. Common names include Elderberry,…


  • Isatis tinctoria / Isatis indigotica

    Botanical Overview Isatis tinctoria and Isatis indigotica (Brassicaceae) are closely related species commonly known as Woad or Chinese woad. Traditionally, their roots (radix) and leaves (folia) are used medicinally. The plant is native to Europe and Asia, notably China, and has historical use as a source of blue dye and medicinal herb. Energetics These herbs…


  • Astragalus membranaceus

    Botanical Overview Astragalus membranaceus is a medicinal plant belonging to the family Fabaceae. The primary part used is the root. Commonly known as Astragalus, Huang Qi, or Milk Vetch, it is native to regions including China, Mongolia, Korea, and Russia. Energetics This herb is considered warming and moistening in nature, with a sweet taste and…


  • Andrographis paniculata

    Botanical Overview Andrographis paniculata, commonly known as King of Bitters or Kalmegh, is a medicinal plant belonging to the Acanthaceae family. Native to South and Southeast Asia, this plant’s leaves and whole plant are primarily used in traditional herbal medicine. Energetics The energetics of Andrographis paniculata are characterized as cooling and drying, with a notably…


  • Echinacea purpurea

    Botanical Overview Echinacea purpurea, commonly known as Purple Coneflower or simply Echinacea, belongs to the family Asteraceae. It is native to North America and the parts used medicinally include the root, flower, and other aerial parts. It is widely used as an immunostimulant herb. Energetics The energetics of Echinacea purpurea are considered neutral in temperature…


  • Melissa officinalis

    Botanical Overview Melissa officinalis, commonly known as Lemon balm or Melissa, belongs to the Lamiaceae family. It is native to Europe, the Mediterranean, West Asia, and has naturalized in North America. The herbal preparations primarily use the leaves and aerial parts. Energetics Melissa officinalis is considered to have a cooling temperature and moistening quality. It…


  • Valeriana officinalis

    Botanical Overview Valeriana officinalis (family Caprifoliaceae) is commonly known as Valerian, Garden valerian, or Garden heliotrope. The medicinal part used predominantly is the root. Native to Europe and Asia, it is also widely naturalized in North America. Energetics Valerian root is considered neutral in temperature and moistening in moisture. It has bitter and pungent tastes…


  • Passiflora incarnata

    Botanical Overview Passiflora incarnata, commonly known as Passionflower, Maypop, or Passion flower, belongs to the family Passifloraceae. It is native to Eastern North America, especially the Southeastern United States. The parts used medicinally include the aerial parts, leaves, flowers, and the herb. Energetics This herb is considered cooling in temperature and neutral in moisture. Its…


  • Scutellaria baicalensis

    Botanical Overview Scutellaria baicalensis, commonly known as Baikal skullcap, Chinese skullcap, or Huang Qin, is a member of the Lamiaceae family. Its primary medicinal part used is the root. Native to East Asia, including China, Korea, and Russia, it has a rich history in traditional Chinese medicine. Energetics Scutellaria baicalensis is characterized by a cooling…


  • Bacopa monnieri

    Botanical Overview Bacopa monnieri (family Plantaginaceae), commonly known as Brahmi, water hyssop, or herb of grace, is a creeping perennial aquatic plant valued for its nootropic and neuroprotective properties. The whole plant, including leaves and stems, is traditionally used in herbal medicine across India, Sri Lanka, Southeast Asia, Australia, and North America. Energetics Bacopa is…