Botanical Overview
Verbascum thapsus, commonly known as common mullein, great mullein, or woolly mullein, is a member of the Scrophulariaceae family. It is native to Europe and Asia and has been widely naturalized in North America. The parts used medicinally include the leaf, flower, and root. The plant is well-known for its soft, densely hairy leaves and tall flowering spikes.
Energetics
Verbascum thapsus has a warming temperature and drying moisture quality. Its taste profile includes bitter and sweet attributes. It is considered to have ascending directionality and a relaxing tonicity affecting primarily the qi.
Primary Actions
- Demulcent
- Expectorant
- Emollient
- Anti-inflammatory
- Astringent
Indications
Western
- Cough
- Bronchitis
- Sore throat
- Hoarseness
- Pharyngitis
- Conjunctivitis
- Skin inflammation
- Ear infections
- Wounds and burns
Syndromes
- Upper respiratory tract irritation
- Inflammation of mucous membranes
- Dry cough with irritation
- Acute and chronic bronchitis
- Inflamed skin conditions
TCM
- Cough with difficulty expectorating phlegm
- Sore throat
- Wind-heat lodged in the lungs
Syndromes
- Lung heat
- Phlegm-heat obstructing lung qi
Ayurveda
- Cough
- Respiratory congestion
- Skin eruptions
- Inflammation
Syndromes
- Vata-Kapha imbalances affecting lungs
- Pitta-related skin inflammations
Unani
- Cough
- Asthma
- Bronchitis
- Skin ulcers
Syndromes
- Sughra (minor inflammation)
- Inflammatory respiratory conditions
Constituents & Mechanisms
Key phytochemicals include saponins, mucilage, flavonoids, iridoid glycosides, phenylethanoid glycosides, and tannins, which contribute to its demulcent, anti-inflammatory and expectorant effects.
Dosage & Preparations
- Infusion: 2–4 g dried herb, 1–3 times daily
- Tincture: 1:5 in 40% alcohol, 2–5 mL, 1–3 times daily
- Poultice: fresh or dried leaves for topical application
- Steam inhalation: infusion prepared fresh for respiratory conditions
Safety & Contraindications
Verbascum thapsus is generally safe when used appropriately. Topical applications may cause skin irritation or allergic reactions in sensitive individuals. Internal use at high doses might cause gastrointestinal discomfort. Caution is advised during pregnancy and lactation due to limited safety data. Avoid use in individuals allergic to Scrophulariaceae family plants.
Astrological Correspondences
Currently no widely accepted planetary or elemental rulers are attributed to Verbascum thapsus based on authoritative sources.
Selected References
- MedlinePlus: Mullein (2023)
- Plants For A Future: Verbascum thapsus L.
- European Medicines Agency Herbal Monograph (2018)
- Andrew Chevallier, The Encyclopedia of Herbal Medicine (2016)
- Dan Bensky, Chinese Herbal Materia Medica (2004)