Botanical Overview
Valeriana officinalis (family Caprifoliaceae) is commonly known as Valerian, Garden valerian, or Garden heliotrope. The medicinal part used predominantly is the root. Native to Europe and Asia, it is also widely naturalized in North America.
Energetics
Valerian root is considered neutral in temperature and moistening in moisture. It has bitter and pungent tastes and exhibits descending directionality. Its tonic quality is relaxing, with effects focused on the shen (spirit) aspect, supporting nervous system calm.
Primary Actions
- Nervine
- Sedative
- Spasmolytic
- Anxiolytic
Indications
Western
- Insomnia
- Anxiety
- Nervous restlessness
- Mild stress
- Muscle spasms
Syndromes
- Sleep disorders
- Generalized anxiety
- Mild nervous tension
TCM
No substantial traditional Chinese medicine uses recorded.
Ayurveda
No significant Ayurvedic uses reliably attributed.
Unani
No well-documented Unani traditional uses identified.
Constituents & Mechanisms
The root contains valerenic acid, valepotriates, essential oils, alkaloids, and flavonoids which contribute to its sedative and anxiolytic actions by modulating GABAergic neurotransmission and muscle relaxation.
Dosage & Preparations
- Tincture 1:5 in 40% ethanol, 2–5 mL taken 1–3 times daily
- Infusion made from 2–4 g dried root, 1–2 times daily
- Powdered root 1–3 g 1–2 times daily
Safety & Contraindications
Generally well tolerated; occasional headaches, dizziness, or mild GI discomfort reported. Should not be combined with sedative drugs or alcohol due to additive CNS depression. Use with caution during pregnancy and lactation as safety data are insufficient. Not recommended for children without medical supervision.
Astrological Correspondences
No firmly established planetary or elemental rulership supported by authoritative sources.
Selected References
- European Medicines Agency (EMA) Assessment Report, 2010
- Bent, S. Valerian root in treating sleep problems and associated disorders, 2015
- Plants For A Future Database, 2022
- NIH National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, 2021