Botanical Overview
Theobroma cacao (Malvaceae) is a tropical tree native to Central and South America, widely cultivated for its seeds known as cacao beans or cocoa beans. The primary parts used medicinally are the seeds (semen) and their husks. Commonly referred to as cacao seed or cocoa bean, it is prized for its stimulant and health-promoting properties.
Energetics
The energetics of cacao seed are generally considered warming and moistening, with a sweet and bitter taste profile complemented by fatty qualities. It is tonifying particularly to qi and blood, supporting vitality and circulation.
Primary Actions
- Stimulant
- Antioxidant
- Vasodilator
- Mood enhancer
- Anti-inflammatory
Indications
Western
- Fatigue
- Mild depression
- Poor circulation
- Poor digestion
- Cough
Syndromes
- Circulatory insufficiency
- Mild cognitive decline
- Chronic fatigue
Ayurveda
- Nervous weakness
- Anxiety
- Cold extremities
Syndromes
- Vata imbalance
- Kapha disorders
TCM
Not classically used or documented in traditional Chinese medicine sources.
Unani
Limited traditional usage documented.
Constituents & Mechanisms
Cacao contains key phytochemicals including methylxanthines such as theobromine and caffeine, flavonoids and polyphenols with antioxidant properties, fatty acids, and essential minerals like magnesium and manganese.
Dosage & Preparations
- Cocoa powder: 5-10 g per day
- Cacao seed extract standardized to flavonoids: 100-300 mg per day
- Raw cocoa nibs used as a food supplement
Safety & Contraindications
Generally safe in moderate consumption. Excessive intake may cause stimulant-related effects including insomnia, tachycardia, and gastrointestinal upset. Use cautiously in pregnancy and lactation due to limited data. Avoid in individuals sensitive to caffeine/theobromine and those with heart arrhythmias. Potential drug interactions exist with stimulants and antihypertensive medications.
Astrological Correspondences
No well-documented planetary or elemental rulers are attributed to Theobroma cacao in established herbal or esoteric traditions.
Selected References
- Herbal Medicine: Biomolecular and Clinical Aspects
- Cocoa and Chocolate in Human Health and Disease
- PFAF Database: Theobroma cacao
- European Medicines Agency Community Herbal Monograph