Botanical Overview
Pimpinella anisum, commonly known as Anise, is a member of the Apiaceae family. It is native to the Mediterranean region, Southwest Asia, and parts of North Africa and Southern Europe. The primary medicinal part used is the seed (often called aniseed). Common names include Anise and Sweet Anise.
Energetics
Anise is considered warming and drying in nature with sweet and pungent tastes. It has ascending and outward directionality and is tonically relaxing, primarily influencing the qi.
Primary Actions
- Carminative
- Expectorant
- Antispasmodic
- Galactagogue
Indications
Western
- Digestive discomfort
- Flatulence
- Colic
- Cough
- Bronchitis
- Loss of appetite
- Mild spasms
Syndromes
- Digestive spasms
- Respiratory congestion
- Hypogalactia
TCM
- Abdominal pain due to cold
- Cold-type indigestion
- Cough with copious phlegm
Syndromes
- Cold accumulation in the middle jiao
- Phlegm-dampness blockage
Ayurveda
- Vata imbalance causing digestive issues
- Loss of appetite
- Cough
Syndromes
- Kapha and Vata disorders
- Ama accumulation
Unani
- Flatulence
- Colic
- Cough
- Breastfeeding insufficiency
Syndromes
- Digestive coldness
- Phlegmatic conditions
Constituents & Mechanisms
Key phytochemicals include anethole, estragole, limonene, anisaldehyde, flavonoids, and coumarins, which contribute to its carminative, antispasmodic, and expectorant effects.
Dosage & Preparations
- Infusion: 1.5–3 g seeds in hot water, 2–3 times daily
- Tincture: 1:5 in 40% ethanol, 2–5 mL 1–3 times daily
- Essential oil: used externally or diluted only; internal use requires caution
Safety & Contraindications
Anise is generally safe in culinary and recommended doses. It should be used cautiously during pregnancy due to possible uterotonic effects and avoided in known allergies to Apiaceae family plants. Excessive intake may cause nausea or allergic reactions; avoid internal use of essential oil except under professional guidance.
Astrological Correspondences
Planetary ruler: Venus
Elemental ruler: Air
Selected References
- European Medicines Agency Herbal Monograph: Anise fruit (Pimpinella anisum L.) (2011)
- Plants For A Future Database: Pimpinella anisum
- WHO Monographs on Selected Medicinal Plants, Volume 1: Pimpinella anisum (1999)
- The Complete German Commission E Monographs: Anise (1998)
- Culpeper’s Complete Herbal: Anise, Pimpinella anisum (1653)