Botanical Overview
Oenothera biennis, commonly known as Evening primrose, is a biennial flowering plant in the Onagraceae family. Native to North America but widely naturalized in Europe and Western Asia, its seeds, leaves, roots, and flowers are utilized medicinally. Common names include Evening primrose, German rampion, and Sundrop.
Energetics
This plant exhibits a cooling temperature with moistening qualities. Its taste profile includes bitter and sweet notes. Directionally, it acts in a descending and outward manner. It has a relaxing tonicity and influences blood and fluid aspects according to traditional energetic frameworks.
Primary Actions
- Anti-inflammatory
- Antioxidant
- Diuretic
- Emollient
- Hormonal modulator
Indications
Western
- Eczema
- Mastalgia (breast pain)
- Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)
- Menopause symptoms
- Nerve pain
- High blood pressure
Syndromes
- Atopic dermatitis
- Neuropathic pain
- Hormonal imbalance
TCM
No traditionally documented uses.
Ayurveda
No traditionally documented uses.
Unani
No traditionally documented uses.
Constituents & Mechanisms
Its therapeutic effects are attributed to phytochemicals such as gamma-linolenic acid, linoleic acid, phenolic acids, flavonoids, and tannins.
Dosage & Preparations
- Oil capsules 500-1300 mg 1-3 times daily
- Infusion of leaves: 2-3 g dried herb 1-2 times daily
- Tincture 1:5 in 40% ethanol, 2-5 mL 1-3 times daily
Safety & Contraindications
Evening primrose oil is generally well tolerated but may cause mild gastrointestinal discomfort or headaches. Caution is advised for individuals with bleeding disorders or those taking anticoagulants due to possible increased bleeding risk. Use during pregnancy and lactation should be supervised by healthcare professionals owing to limited safety data.
Astrological Correspondences
No reliably sourced planetary or elemental rulers have been identified.
Selected References
- Assessment report on Oenothera biennis L., semen – European Medicines Agency (2013)
- Oenothera biennis – Evening primrose – Plants for a Future
- Evening Primrose Oil – Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database (2022)
- Evening Primrose Oil Uses, Side Effects & Warnings – WebMD (2023)