Botanical Overview
Macropiper excelsum, commonly known as Kawakawa or New Zealand pepper tree, belongs to the Piperaceae family. This small tree or shrub is native to New Zealand. The parts used medicinally include the leaves and bark, which have been traditionally utilized by the Māori people.
Energetics
Kawakawa is considered warming and drying in nature with a pungent and bitter taste. It exhibits ascending directionality and a tonifying effect on the qi aspect of physiology.
Primary Actions
- Anti-inflammatory
- Antimicrobial
- Digestive stimulant
- Expectorant
Indications
Western
- Indigestion
- Colic
- Cough
- Sore throat
- Skin infections
- Wounds
Syndromes
- Gastrointestinal discomfort
- Respiratory congestion
- Cutaneous inflammation
TCM
No traditional uses documented.
Ayurveda
No traditional uses documented.
Unani
No traditional uses documented.
Constituents & Mechanisms
Kawakawa contains alkaloids, essential oils, flavonoids, lignans, and oleoresins contributing to its anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties.
Dosage & Preparations
- Leaf infusion 1-3 g 1-2 times daily
- Poultice of crushed leaves applied topically
- Tincture 1:5 40% ethanol, 2-5 mL 1-3 times daily
Safety & Contraindications
Generally safe with traditional topical and internal use; however, avoid use during pregnancy due to lack of safety data. Topical applications may cause skin sensitivity in some individuals. Caution is advised in lactation.
Astrological Correspondences
No well-established planetary or elemental rulers identified.
Selected References
- Macropiper excelsum (Kawakawa) – Plants For A Future
- Phytochemical and medicinal properties of Macropiper excelsum – New Zealand Journal of Botany, 2012
- Medicinal Plants of New Zealand – J. Metcalf, 2006