Botanical Overview
Juniperus communis, commonly known as Common juniper or Juniper berry, belongs to the Cupressaceae family. It is native across Europe, North America, and Asia. The parts used medicinally include the berries, leaves, and twigs.
Energetics
This plant exhibits warming temperature and drying moisture energetics. Its tastes are bitter, pungent, and astringent, with an ascending and outward directionality. It is considered tonifying and primarily affects the qi.
Primary Actions
- Diuretic
- Antiseptic
- Carminative
- Antimicrobial
Indications
Western
- Urinary tract infections
- Digestive discomfort
- Rheumatic pain
- Respiratory congestion
Syndromes
- Urinary retention
- Chronic cystitis
- Flatulence
- Arthritis
Ayurveda
- Digestive bloating
- Urinary disorders
- Joint pain
Syndromes
- Vata disorders
- Kapha imbalance
TCM
No significant traditional TCM uses documented.
Unani
No significant traditional Unani uses documented.
Constituents & Mechanisms
The main phytochemical constituents include monoterpenes, flavonoids, phenolic acids, and essential oils, which contribute to its antiseptic, diuretic, and anti-inflammatory properties.
Dosage & Preparations
- Infusion 2-4 g 1-3 times daily
- Tincture 1:5 40% ethanol 2-5 mL 1-3 times daily
- Essential oil for external use only, diluted
Safety & Contraindications
Juniper is contraindicated in pregnancy, severe renal disease, and in individuals allergic to juniper. Use caution to avoid kidney irritation. Potential interactions include diuretics and lithium. It should be avoided during pregnancy and lactation unless supervised by a healthcare provider.
Astrological Correspondences
Juniper is traditionally ruled by the planet Mars and the element Fire, reflecting its warming and activating properties.
Selected References
- Herbal Medicine: Biomolecular and Clinical Aspects. 2nd edition.
- Plants For A Future Database
- European Medicines Agency Herbal Monograph on Juniperus communis
- The Complete Herbal by Nicholas Culpeper