Botanical Overview
Cynara scolymus, commonly known as Artichoke or Globe artichoke, belongs to the family Asteraceae. This perennial plant is native to the Mediterranean region including parts of Europe, North Africa, and West Asia. The parts used medicinally are the leaf and the immature flower bud.
Energetics
The energetics of Cynara scolymus are predominantly cooling and moistening, with bitter and astringent tastes. It has a descending directionality in its action, with a relaxing tonicity affecting the qi, blood, and fluids.
Primary Actions
- Choleretic (stimulates bile production)
- Cholagogue (promotes bile flow)
- Hepatoprotective (protects liver tissue)
- Digestive tonic
- Diuretic
Indications
Western
- Dyspepsia
- Indigestion
- Flatulence
- Hypercholesterolemia
- Hepatitis
- Jaundice
- Liver congestion
- Biliary insufficiency
Syndromes
- Liver detoxification support
- Cholestasis
- Metabolic syndrome
- Hyperlipidemia
TCM
No widely recognized indications.
Ayurveda
No widely recognized indications.
Unani
No widely recognized indications.
Constituents & Mechanisms
Key phytochemicals include cynarin, flavonoids, chlorogenic acid, inulin, and sesquiterpene lactones which contribute to its choleretic, hepatoprotective, and digestive tonic effects.
Dosage & Preparations
- Infusion: 2–4 g dried leaf, 2–3 times daily
- Tincture: 1:5 in 40% ethanol, 2–5 mL, 2–3 times daily
- Standardized extract for cynarin: 300–600 mg daily, divided doses
Safety & Contraindications
Generally safe when used appropriately. Avoid use in patients with bile duct obstruction, gallstones, or allergy to Asteraceae family members. Use cautiously or avoid during pregnancy and lactation due to insufficient data. Potential interactions with anticholesterolemic drugs, diuretics, and antihypertensives exist.
Astrological Correspondences
No reliable sources found for planetary or elemental rulers.
Selected References
- European Medicines Agency Herbal Monograph on Cynara scolymus L., folium (2017)
- Lattanzio et al., Phytochemistry and medicinal properties of Cynara scolymus (2017)
- PFAF: Cynara scolymus (Artichoke)