Regions: Naturalized in North America

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  • Armoracia rusticana

    Botanical Overview Armoracia rusticana, commonly known as horseradish, belongs to the Brassicaceae family. The plant is native to Europe and Western Asia and is naturalized in North America. The root is the primary part used for medicinal and culinary purposes, known for its pungent taste and warming effects. Energetics Horseradish has warming temperature and drying…


  • Verbena officinalis

    Botanical Overview Verbena officinalis, commonly known as Vervain, belongs to the Verbenaceae family. It is native to Europe, Asia, and North Africa and has been naturalized in North America. The medicinal parts primarily used are the aerial parts, including leaves and flowers. Common names include Vervain, Common vervain, and Purple vervain. Energetics Verbena officinalis is…