Regions: Europe

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  • Borago officinalis

    Botanical Overview Borago officinalis, commonly known as Borage, Starflower, or Common Borage, is a member of the Boraginaceae family. It is native to the Mediterranean region but now grows widely across Europe and Western Asia. The parts used medicinally include the flowers, leaves, seeds, and the whole herb. Energetics Borage is considered cooling and moistening…


  • Vaccinium myrtillus (fructus)

    Botanical Overview Vaccinium myrtillus (fructus), commonly known as bilberry fruit, European blueberry, or whortleberry, belongs to the Ericaceae family. The medicinally used part is the fruit or berry. Native primarily to Europe and Northern Asia, bilberry has also naturalized in parts of North America. Energetics The fruit is considered cooling and moistening, possessing an astringent…


  • Vaccinium myrtillus (folia)

    Botanical Overview Vaccinium myrtillus (folia), commonly known as bilberry leaf or European blueberry leaf, is a member of the Ericaceae family. The plant is native to Europe and Northern Asia and has been introduced in parts of North America. The medicinal part used is the leaf, which is traditionally harvested for its therapeutic properties. Energetics…


  • Arctium lappa (radix)

    Botanical Overview Arctium lappa (radix), commonly known as burdock root or greater burdock, belongs to the Asteraceae family. This plant is native to Europe, Asia, and North America. The medicinal part used primarily is the root, prized for its detoxifying and cleansing properties. Energetics The root is considered cooling and moistening in traditional energetics. It…


  • Arnica montana

    Botanical Overview Arnica montana, commonly known as Arnica or Mountain arnica, is a herbaceous plant of the Asteraceae family native to Europe and Central Asia. The medicinally used part is the flower heads, harvested for topical applications. Arnica is widely recognized for its traditional use in treating inflammation and trauma-related conditions. Energetics This plant exhibits…


  • Vitis vinifera (semen)

    Botanical Overview Vitis vinifera (semen), commonly known as grape seed, belongs to the Vitaceae family. The seed of the grape fruit is the primary part used medicinally, valued chiefly for its potent antioxidant properties. Energetics The seeds are considered to have a neutral temperature and drying moisture quality, with astringent and bitter tastes. They are…


  • Hydrocotyle vulgaris

    Botanical Overview Hydrocotyle vulgaris, commonly known as Marsh Pennywort or Water Pennywort, is a herbaceous perennial belonging to the Araliaceae family. It is native to Europe and Western Asia, typically found in wetlands and marshy areas. The whole plant is traditionally used in herbal applications. Energetics This plant has a cooling temperature and moistening moisture…


  • Malva sylvestris

    Botanical Overview Malva sylvestris, commonly known as Common mallow or High mallow, is a herbaceous perennial plant of the family Malvaceae. It is native to Europe, North Africa, and Western Asia but is widely introduced worldwide. The parts used medicinally include the flowers, leaves, and roots. It is traditionally recognized for its soothing properties on…


  • Ajuga reptans

    Botanical Overview Ajuga reptans, commonly known as Bugleweed, Carpet Bugle, or Wingwort, belongs to the Lamiaceae family. It is native to Europe and Western Asia and has been introduced to North America. The primary parts used medicinally are the leaves and aerial parts. Energetics Ajuga reptans is characterized by a cooling temperature and neutral moisture…


  • Chelidonium majus

    Botanical Overview Chelidonium majus, commonly known as greater celandine, celandine, or tetterwort, is a member of the Papaveraceae family. It is native to Europe, Western Asia, and North Africa. The medicinal parts used are primarily the aerial parts and the root. Energetics The herb is traditionally considered cooling in temperature and drying in moisture. It…