Syndromes: Phlegmatic disorders

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  • Nigella sativa

    Botanical Overview Nigella sativa (Ranunculaceae), commonly known as Black seed, Black cumin, or Habbatul barakah, is native to Southwest Asia, the Mediterranean, North Africa, and the Middle East. Commonly used parts include the seeds and oil extracted from them. Energetics This herb has a warming temperature and drying moisture quality, with bitter and pungent tastes.…


  • Trachyspermum ammi

    Botanical Overview Trachyspermum ammi (Apiaceae), commonly known as Ajwain, Carom seeds, or Bishop’s weed, is a small annual herb native to South Asia, the Middle East, and East Africa. The seed is the primary part used medicinally, valued for its strong aromatic and medicinal properties. Energetics This plant is considered warming and drying in nature…


  • Piper longum

    Botanical Overview Piper longum, commonly known as Long Pepper or Indian long pepper, belongs to the family Piperaceae. Native to South and Southeast Asia, the plant’s fruit and root are traditionally used medicinally. It is well recognized in Ayurvedic medicine as “Pippali” and valued for its pungent fruit. Energetics Piper longum is characterized by a…