Syndromes: inflammatory states

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  • Kalanchoe pinnata

    Botanical Overview Kalanchoe pinnata is a succulent plant species in the family Crassulaceae, commonly known as Cathedral Bells, Air Plant, Miracle Leaf, Plant of Life, and Goethe Plant. It is native to tropical Africa and Madagascar but widely naturalized across tropical regions including South and Southeast Asia, the Caribbean, and Central America. The leaf and…


  • Petroselinum crispum (radix)

    Botanical Overview Petroselinum crispum (radix), commonly known as parsley root, Hamburg parsley, turnip-rooted parsley, or root parsley, belongs to the Apiaceae family. The primary part used medicinally is the root, which is native to the Mediterranean and widely cultivated across Europe. Energetics The root is generally considered warming and drying. It features bitter, pungent, and…


  • Malva sylvestris

    Botanical Overview Malva sylvestris, commonly known as Common mallow or High mallow, is a herbaceous perennial plant of the family Malvaceae. It is native to Europe, North Africa, and Western Asia but is widely introduced worldwide. The parts used medicinally include the flowers, leaves, and roots. It is traditionally recognized for its soothing properties on…


  • Ziziphus spina-christi

    Botanical Overview Ziziphus spina-christi (Rhamnaceae) is commonly known as Christ’s Thorn Jujube, Nabq, Jerusalem Thorn, and Sidr. The plant is native to North Africa, the Middle East, the Horn of Africa, and the Arabian Peninsula. Commonly used parts include the bark, fruit, leaf, and root. Energetics Ziziphus spina-christi is characterized by cooling temperature and moistening…


  • Calotropis procera

    Botanical Overview Calotropis procera, belonging to the Apocynaceae family, is a perennial shrub commonly known as Apple of Sodom, Giant Milkweed, or Sodom apple. It is native to Africa, Asia, and the Middle East. The plant’s leaves, roots, stems, and flowers are traditionally used in herbal medicine. Energetics The plant exhibits warming and drying qualities,…