Syndromes: cutaneous inflammation

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  • Macropiper excelsum

    Botanical Overview Macropiper excelsum, commonly known as Kawakawa or New Zealand pepper tree, belongs to the Piperaceae family. This small tree or shrub is native to New Zealand. The parts used medicinally include the leaves and bark, which have been traditionally utilized by the Māori people. Energetics Kawakawa is considered warming and drying in nature…


  • Copaifera langsdorffii

    Botanical Overview Copaifera langsdorffii belongs to the Fabaceae family and is native to South America, particularly the Amazon rainforest region in Brazil. The plant is primarily valued for its oleoresin, commonly known as Copaiba balsam or resin, which is harvested from the tree trunks. Traditional common names include Copaiba and Copaiba balsam. Energetics The resin…


  • Hamamelis virginiana

    Botanical Overview Hamamelis virginiana, commonly known as witch hazel or American witch-hazel, belongs to the family Hamamelidaceae. It is native to Eastern North America. The medicinal parts used include the bark, leaves, twigs, and leaf-distilled water. Witch hazel is well recognized for its use in topical preparations for skin and circulatory conditions. Energetics This herb…