Constituents: Organic acids

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  • Hibiscus rosa-sinensis

    Botanical Overview Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, commonly known as Chinese hibiscus, Hawaiian hibiscus, or Shoeblackplant, belongs to the Malvaceae family. This tropical flowering shrub is native to Tropical Asia and widely cultivated in the Pacific Islands, Hawaii, India, and Southeast Asia. The primary plant parts used medicinally are the flowers and leaves. Energetics Hibiscus rosa-sinensis is considered…


  • Isatis tinctoria / Isatis indigotica

    Botanical Overview Isatis tinctoria and Isatis indigotica (Brassicaceae) are closely related species commonly known as Woad or Chinese woad. Traditionally, their roots (radix) and leaves (folia) are used medicinally. The plant is native to Europe and Asia, notably China, and has historical use as a source of blue dye and medicinal herb. Energetics These herbs…


  • Malus domestica (pericarp)

    Botanical Overview Malus domestica, commonly known as apple, belongs to the Rosaceae family. The medicinal part considered here is the pericarp, or the fleshy fruit. Apples are widely cultivated in temperate regions worldwide and commonly used both as food and traditional medicine. Common names include apple fruit and apple pericarp. Energetics The apple pericarp is…


  • Vaccinium macrocarpon (fructus)

    Botanical Overview Vaccinium macrocarpon (fructus), commonly known as cranberry, large cranberry, or American cranberry, belongs to the Ericaceae family. The harvested part used medicinally is the fruit. It is native to North America. Cranberries are well-known for their distinctive sour taste and rich phytochemical profile. Energetics The fruit is generally considered cooling in nature and…


  • Scrophularia ningpoensis

    Botanical Overview Scrophularia ningpoensis, commonly known as Ningpo figwort or Chinese figwort (Xuán Shēn), belongs to the Scrophulariaceae family. Traditionally, the root is used medicinally, mainly harvested from plants native to East Asia, primarily China. Energetics The root is considered cooling and moistening in energetic quality, with a bitter and sweet taste. It has a…


  • Hibiscus sabdariffa

    Botanical Overview Hibiscus sabdariffa, commonly known as Roselle or Sour tea, is a member of the Malvaceae family. It is cultivated widely across tropical Asia, Africa, and parts of the Caribbean. The primary parts used medicinally are the calyces, leaves, and seeds, notable for their vibrant color and tart flavor. Energetics This plant is classified…


  • Lonicera japonica (flos)

    Botanical Overview Lonicera japonica (flos), commonly known as Japanese Honeysuckle flower, belongs to the Caprifoliaceae family. The medicinal part primarily used is the dried flower. It is native to East Asia including China, Japan, and Korea. The plant is well-regarded in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and Western herbal medicine. Energetics Lonicera japonica flowers are considered…