Constituents: oligomeric proanthocyanidins

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  • Crataegus pinnatifida

    Botanical Overview Crataegus pinnatifida, commonly known as Chinese hawthorn, mountain hawthorn, or pinnate-leaved hawthorn, is a member of the Rosaceae family. Indigenous to China and East Asia, this plant’s fruit, leaf, and flower are traditionally used medicinally. Energetics The plant exhibits slightly warming temperature with neutral moisture characteristics. Its flavor profile includes sour and sweet…


  • Crataegus monogyna

    Botanical Overview Crataegus monogyna, commonly known as Common hawthorn or Single-seeded hawthorn, is a member of the Rosaceae family. It is native to Europe, North Africa, and Western Asia. The medicinal parts include the flowers, leaves, and fruit, traditionally harvested for cardiovascular and mild sedative uses. Energetics This herb is considered neutral in temperature with…


  • Vitis vinifera (semen)

    Botanical Overview Vitis vinifera (semen), commonly known as grape seed, belongs to the Vitaceae family. The seed of the grape fruit is the primary part used medicinally, valued chiefly for its potent antioxidant properties. Energetics The seeds are considered to have a neutral temperature and drying moisture quality, with astringent and bitter tastes. They are…