Constituents: iridoid glycosides

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  • Sambucus ebulus

    Botanical Overview Sambucus ebulus (family Adoxaceae), commonly known as Danewort, Dwarf Elder, and European Dwarf Elder, is native to Europe, Western Asia, and North Africa. The plant’s rhizome, fruit, stem, and leaf are used medicinally. Energetics This herb is considered cooling and moistening in energetic quality, with a bitter and sweet taste. It has a…


  • Plantago lanceolata

    Botanical Overview Plantago lanceolata L., commonly known as English plantain, ribwort plantain, or narrowleaf plantain, belongs to the family Plantaginaceae. It is native to Europe and Asia and now widespread in North America as an introduced species. The plant’s leaves and seeds are primarily used medicinally. Common names include English plantain, ribgrass, ribwort plantain, and…


  • Swertia chirayita

    Botanical Overview Swertia chirayita, belonging to the Gentianaceae family, is commonly known as Chiretta, Chirayata, and Kiratatikta. It is a herbaceous plant native to the Himalayan region and South Asia. The whole plant or whole herb is traditionally used for its medicinal properties. Energetics Swertia chirayita is characterized by a cooling temperature and drying moisture…


  • Plantago asiatica (semen)

    Botanical Overview Plantago asiatica (semen) is the seed of the Plantago asiatica plant, belonging to the Plantaginaceae family. Commonly known as Asian plantain seed or Plantago seed, it is native to East Asia including China, Japan, and Korea. The seed is primarily used medicinally. Energetics This herb is considered cooling and moistening, with a sweet…


  • Gardenia jasminoides (Fructus)

    Botanical Overview Gardenia jasminoides (fructus), commonly known as Cape Jasmine Fruit, Zhi Zi, or Gardenia Fruit, belongs to the Rubiaceae family. The medicinal part used is the fruit, traditionally harvested and dried for various therapeutic purposes across East and Southeast Asia. Energetics The fruit is characterized by a cooling temperature and drying moisture quality, with…