Constituents: anthraquinone glycosides

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  • Frangula alnus

    Botanical Overview Frangula alnus, commonly known as Alder buckthorn, Glossy buckthorn, Frangula, or Black alder, belongs to the family Rhamnaceae. The medicinal part used traditionally is the bark. This small deciduous tree or shrub is native to Europe, Western Asia, and Northern Africa where it commonly grows in moist habitats. Energetics Frangula alnus bark has…


  • Rhamnus purshiana (cortex)

    Botanical Overview Rhamnus purshiana (cortex), commonly known as Cascara sagrada or Sacred bark, belongs to the family Rhamnaceae. The medicinal part used is the bark harvested primarily from this species native to North America, especially the Pacific Northwest region. Energetics This herb is traditionally considered warming and drying in nature, with a bitter taste. It…