Botanical Overview
Frangula alnus, commonly known as Alder buckthorn, Glossy buckthorn, Frangula, or Black alder, belongs to the family Rhamnaceae. The medicinal part used traditionally is the bark. This small deciduous tree or shrub is native to Europe, Western Asia, and Northern Africa where it commonly grows in moist habitats.
Energetics
Frangula alnus bark has a cooling and drying energetic profile with a bitter taste. It acts in a descending direction and is considered relaxing in tonicity, primarily influencing the qi according to traditional energy concepts.
Primary Actions
- Laxative
- Cholagogue (promotes bile flow)
- Purgative
Indications
Western
- Constipation
- Biliary sluggishness
- Digestive sluggishness
Syndromes
- Hepatobiliary stasis
- Intestinal constipation
TCM
No traditional Chinese medicine indications documented.
Ayurveda
No Ayurvedic indications documented.
Unani
No Unani indications documented.
Constituents & Mechanisms
The bark contains anthraquinone glycosides such as frangulin and emodin which stimulate bowel motility and bile flow, accounting for its laxative and cholagogue effects.
Dosage & Preparations
- Decoction of dried bark 1.5-3 g daily
- Extract providing 20-30 mg anthraquinone glycosides daily
- Use mature dried bark aged for at least one year to reduce irritancy
Safety & Contraindications
Use only short-term for occasional constipation. Contraindicated during pregnancy and lactation, intestinal obstruction, and inflammatory bowel diseases. Overuse may cause cramping or diarrhea. Avoid combining with other laxatives to prevent excessive bowel stimulation.
Astrological Correspondences
No credible planetary or elemental rulers documented in authoritative sources.
Selected References
- Community Herbal Monograph on Frangula alnus Miller cortex, European Medicines Agency, 2018
- Frangula alnus – Alder Buckthorn, Plants For A Future
- WHO Monographs on Selected Medicinal Plants – Volume 3, World Health Organization, 2007
- Herbal Medicine: Expanded Commission E Monographs, Mark Blumenthal (ed.), 2000