Botanical Overview
Symphytum officinale, commonly known as Comfrey, Common comfrey, Knitbone, and Slippery root, is a member of the Boraginaceae family. Its primary medicinal parts are the root and the leaf. It is native to Europe and Northwestern Asia and has been introduced to North America.
Energetics
Comfrey is traditionally considered to have a cooling temperature and moistening moisture quality. It tastes bitter and sweet and has a relaxing tonic nature. Directionality and specific qi/blood/fluid classifications are not clearly established.
Primary Actions
- Anti-inflammatory
- Astringent
- Demulcent
- Emollient
Indications
Western
- Bruises
- Sprains
- Joint pain
- Bone fractures
- Inflammation
- Skin wounds
- Ulcers
Syndromes
- Trauma
- Inflammatory conditions of muscles and joints
TCM
No well-documented traditional indications found.
Ayurveda
No well-documented traditional indications found.
Unani
No well-documented traditional indications found.
Constituents & Mechanisms
Contains alkaloids, notably hepatotoxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids, allantoin, mucilage, phenolic compounds, rosmarinic acid, and tannins, contributing to its anti-inflammatory and skin regenerating effects.
Dosage & Preparations
- Topical ointment or cream containing 1-10% extract, applied up to three times daily
- External poultices made from fresh leaf or root
- Tincture (1:5 in 40% ethanol) for topical use only
Safety & Contraindications
Due to the presence of hepatotoxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids, internal use of comfrey is not recommended. Topical applications should be limited to short durations and intact skin only. Avoid use during pregnancy, lactation, and in individuals with liver disease. Interactions may occur with other hepatotoxic medications.
Astrological Correspondences
No reliable sources found for planetary or elemental rulers.
Selected References
- Symphytum officinale L., radix and folium – European Medicines Agency (EMA) Herbal Monograph (2017)
- Pharmacological and toxicological evaluation of comfrey – N. Gajurel et al., PubMed Central (2018)
- Symphytum officinale – Comfrey – Plants for a Future (PFAF) Database (2021)
- Comfrey Root – Botanical and Chemical Monograph – American Herbal Pharmacopoeia (2013)