Botanical Overview
Passiflora incarnata, commonly known as Passionflower, Maypop, or Passion flower, belongs to the family Passifloraceae. It is native to Eastern North America, especially the Southeastern United States. The parts used medicinally include the aerial parts, leaves, flowers, and the herb.
Energetics
This herb is considered cooling in temperature and neutral in moisture. Its taste profile includes bitter and sweet notes. The energetic direction is descending, promoting relaxation. It is primarily relaxing in tonicity and influences the qi in traditional energetic terms.
Primary Actions
- Anxiolytic
- Sedative
- Nervine
- Antispasmodic
Indications
Western
- Anxiety
- Insomnia
- Nervous tension
- Restlessness
- Mild muscle spasms
Syndromes
- Nervous agitation
- Sleep disorders
- Mild hysteria
TCM
No specific indications documented.
Ayurveda
No specific indications documented.
Unani
No specific indications documented.
Constituents & Mechanisms
Key phytochemical constituents include flavonoids such as vitexin, alkaloids including harmala alkaloids, and cyanogenic glycosides. These contribute to its sedative, anxiolytic, and antispasmodic effects.
Dosage & Preparations
- Tincture 1:5 in 40% ethanol, 2-5 mL, 1-3 times daily
- Infusion of 2-4 g dried herb, 1-2 times daily
- Standardized extracts containing 4%-6% flavonoids, dosage varies
Safety & Contraindications
Passiflora incarnata is generally safe when used appropriately. Caution is advised during pregnancy and lactation due to limited safety data. It may potentiate sedative and CNS depressant medications. Mild gastrointestinal upset is possible. Contraindicated with sedative medications and in pregnancy/lactation.
Astrological Correspondences
Planetary ruler: Moon
Elemental ruler: Water
Selected References
- Passiflora incarnata, PFAF (Plants For A Future) Database
- EMA/HMPC Assessment Report on Passiflora incarnata L., herba, European Medicines Agency, 2016
- Passionflower, NIH NCCIH, 2022
- Passiflora incarnata Monograph, British Herbal Compendium, 1992
- King’s American Dispensatory, 1898
- Astrological Correspondences for Passionflower, Mabberley’s Plant-Book, 2008