Botanical Overview
Crataegus laevigata, commonly known as Midland hawthorn, Woodland hawthorn, or English hawthorn, belongs to the Rosaceae family. It is native to Europe, Western Asia, and North Africa. The medicinally used parts of the plant include the leaf, flower, and berry (fruit).
Energetics
This herb is considered neutral in temperature and moisture. Its taste is bitter and sweet, with a centered directionality and a tonifying effect, particularly influencing the blood aspect of the body.
Primary Actions
- Cardiotonic
- Vasodilator
- Antioxidant
Indications
Western
- Mild chronic cardiac insufficiency
- Palpitations
- Angina pectoris
- Hypertension
- Fatigue associated with heart weakness
Syndromes
- Chronic congestive heart failure (mild to moderate)
- Coronary artery disease
TCM
No recorded traditional indications.
Ayurveda
No recorded traditional indications.
Unani
No recorded traditional indications.
Constituents & Mechanisms
Contains bioactive phytochemicals including flavonoids, oligomeric procyanidins, phenolic acids, and triterpenes, which contribute to its cardiotonic and antioxidant properties.
Dosage & Preparations
- Crataegus leaf and flower dry extract standardized to 2-3% flavonoids: 160-180 mg/day divided
- Infusion of leaf and flower: 2-6 g daily
- Liquid extract (1:1 alcohol 45%): 3-6 mL per day
Safety & Contraindications
Crataegus laevigata is generally well tolerated. It should be avoided during pregnancy and lactation due to insufficient safety data. The herb may potentiate the effects of hypotensive and cardiac medications, necessitating monitoring of blood pressure and heart rate. Rare allergic reactions have been reported.
Astrological Correspondences
There are no clearly established planetary or elemental rulers documented for Crataegus laevigata in reputable sources.
Selected References
- Assessment report on Crataegus spp., folium and flores, European Medicines Agency, 2014
- Medicinal Plants of the World, Bruneton J., 1999
- Hawthorn, PDR for Herbal Medicines, 2020