Botanical Overview
Bixa orellana, commonly known as Achiote, Annatto, Rouge seed, or Urucum, is a tropical plant belonging to the family Bixaceae. Native to Central and South America and the Caribbean, it is widely cultivated across tropical Asia and West Africa. The primary parts used medicinally are the seeds, leaves, and roots. The seeds are well-known for their vibrant red pigment (bixin) and are traditionally used both as a natural food coloring and for various therapeutic purposes.
Energetics
- Temperature: neutral
- Moisture: neutral
- Tastes: sweet, bitter, pungent
- Directionality: descending
- Tonicity: tonifying
- Qi/Blood/Fluid influence: qi
Primary Actions
- Antioxidant
- Antimicrobial
- Anti-inflammatory
- Dermatologic
- Carminative
Indications
Western
- Digestive discomfort
- Skin inflammation
- Respiratory irritation
- Wounds
Syndromes
- Gastric disturbances
- Dermatitis
- Infections
TCM
No traditional TCM uses documented.
Ayurveda
- Skin disorders
- Digestive issues
Syndromes
- Vata imbalance
- Pitta disorders
Unani
- Respiratory ailments
- Skin diseases
Syndromes
Not well defined.
Constituents & Mechanisms
Rich in carotenoid pigments such as bixin and norbixin, along with tannins, flavonoids, and essential oils which contribute antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory activities.
Dosage & Preparations
- Infusion: 5-10 g seed or leaf per 200 mL water, taken 1-2 times daily
- Topical: paste made from seed applied to the skin for inflammation or wounds
- Powder: seeds used as food additive and mild remedy
Safety & Contraindications
Generally safe when consumed as a food coloring or in traditional dosages. External use should be cautious to avoid skin irritation. Limited clinical data on use during pregnancy; traditional usage advises caution.
Astrological Correspondences
No credible traditional sources found for planetary or elemental rulers.
Selected References
- Bixa orellana – PFAF Plant Database
- Phytochemistry and medicinal properties of Bixa orellana: A comprehensive review
- WHO Monographs on Selected Medicinal Plants, Volume 3
- Bixa orellana (Annatto) – USDA Plant Guide