Botanical Overview
Carapichea ipecacuanha, belonging to the family Rubiaceae, is commonly known as Ipecac or Brazilian ipecac. It is native to South America, particularly Brazil, Colombia, and Venezuela. The medicinally used part is the root, well recognized for its emetic properties.
Energetics
The root is considered cooling and moistening with a bitter and acrid taste. It has a relaxing tonic effect and is associated primarily with fluid regulation in the body.
Primary Actions
- Emetic
- Expectorant
- Demulcent
- Antimicrobial
Indications
Western
- Persistent cough
- Bronchitis
- Asthma
- Gastrointestinal irritation
- Dysentery
Syndromes
- Bronchial congestion with thick mucus
- Intestinal inflammation
- Poisoning requiring emesis
TCM
Not well characterized in traditional Chinese medicine.
Ayurveda
Not traditionally used or documented.
Unani
Not traditionally used or documented.
Constituents & Mechanisms
The root contains alkaloids including emetine and cephaeline, which provide the emetic and expectorant effects. Saponins and other compounds contribute to its antimicrobial and demulcent properties.
Dosage & Preparations
- Decoction: 1-2 g of root 1-3 times daily
- Tincture: 1:5 in 40% alcohol, 0.5-2 mL 1-3 times daily
Safety & Contraindications
Ipecac root should be used cautiously and preferably under professional supervision due to the risk of cardiotoxicity from emetine. It is contraindicated in pregnancy, cardiac disease, and chronic diarrhea. Not recommended for children under six years. Overdose can cause severe vomiting, diarrhea, and cardiac complications.
Astrological Correspondences
No reliably sourced planetary or elemental rulers identified.
Selected References
- American Herbal Pharmacopoeia and Therapeutic Compendium: Ipecac Root
- WHO Monographs on Selected Medicinal Plants – Volume 2: Ipecacuanha Root
- Phytochemistry and pharmacology of Carapichea ipecacuanha (Ipecacuanha root): A review