Botanical Overview
Peganum harmala, commonly known as Syrian rue or Harmal, belongs to the family Nitrariaceae. It grows primarily in Mediterranean, Middle Eastern, Central Asian, and North African regions. The seeds are the primary part used for medicinal purposes due to their rich alkaloid content.
Energetics
This herb is considered warming and drying in nature with bitter and pungent tastes. It has an ascending directionality and tonifying qi properties.
Primary Actions
- Monoamine oxidase inhibitor
- Psychoactive
- Emmenagogue
- Antimicrobial
- Antispasmodic
Indications
Western
- Depression
- Migraine
- Asthma
- Digestive spasms
- Menstrual irregularities
- Microbial infections
Syndromes
- Monoamine oxidase deficiency related disorders
- Respiratory spasms
TCM
No specific traditional Chinese medicine indications found.
Ayurveda
- Amenorrhea
- Menstrual pain
- Digestive disturbances
Syndromes
- Vata disorders
- Kapha imbalance
Unani
- Coldness in uterus
- Liver disorders
Syndromes
- Phlegmatic conditions
Constituents & Mechanisms
The principal phytochemicals include beta-carboline alkaloids such as harmine, harmaline, and harmalol, which confer monoamine oxidase inhibitory and psychoactive properties. Terpenoids and other bioactive compounds contribute to its antimicrobial and antispasmodic effects.
Dosage & Preparations
- Seed powder 1-3 g daily in divided doses
- Tincture 1:5 40% ethanol 2-5 mL 1-3x daily
- Infusion of seeds 1-2 g in hot water
Safety & Contraindications
Peganum harmala seeds have potent monoamine oxidase inhibitors and may interact adversely with serotonergic medications and tyramine-rich foods. Contraindicated in pregnancy and lactation due to potential abortifacient and toxic effects. Side effects include hallucinations, hypertension, nausea, and other toxicity symptoms.
Astrological Correspondences
Traditionally associated with the Planet Mars and the Element Fire, highlighting its warming and activating properties.
Selected References
- Herbal Medicine: Biomolecular and Clinical Aspects
- Plants for a Future – Peganum harmala
- Encyclopedia of Herbal Medicine by Andrew Chevallier
- Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India
- The Complete Herbal by Nicholas Culpeper